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IHS Markit's PMI business surveys showed the global economic
recovery losing slight momentum in June. Regional differences
remained marked, however, underscoring the impact of COVID-19
vaccination progress as rising virus waves continued to hit many
countries, notably in Asia. The emerging markets consequently
underperformed the developed world in the second quarter to a
degree not previously recorded over the survey's 23-year
history.
Global PMI slips from 15-year high
The global economy expanded at a solid rate again in June,
according to the JPMorgan Global PMI™ (compiled by IHS Markit).
Although the rate of expansion slowed slightly, the June gain
rounded off the strongest calendar quarter for 15 years and took
the recent run of growth into its twelfth consecutive month.
Services lead upturn as COVID restrictions are
eased
The latest global expansion was again led by the service sector,
which outperformed manufacturing for a third successive month
despite the rate of increase easing compared to May's 15-year peak.
Manufacturing also continued to expand at a strong rate (enjoying
one of the best performances for over a decade), though likewise
cooling modestly in the rate of expansion.
The outperformance of the service sector throughout the second
quarter has coincided with COVID-related restrictions easing
globally on average to the lowest since the pandemic began, albeit
with marked variations by region.
Growth divergences widen
The June surveys showed a widening divergence of economic
growth, due principally to the ongoing impact of COVID-19 and the
extent to which vaccination programmes have allowed countries to
open up their economies.
Output in the developed world grew at the second-fastest rate
for 15 years. The rate of expansion eased from May's 17½ year peak,
but remained impressively robust across both manufacturing and
services. Services, in particular, have benefitted from the further
opening up of economies in the US and Europe as high vaccination
rates have allowed the removal of many restrictions.
In contrast, the emerging markets as a whole saw growth slow
close to stagnation in June, registering the weakest expansion
since July of last year. Growth slowed in both emerging market
manufacturing and services, commonly blamed on the impact of
renewed COVID-19 restrictions and lockdowns to fight new waves of
the virus.
Barring the shutdowns in mainland China in February 2020, the
resulting underperformance of the emerging markets relative to the
developed world was the widest in the 23-year history of the global
PMI surveys. Looking at the average performance across the second
quarter as a whole, the divergence is the widest on record.
Eurozone bucks slowdown
Of the major developed markets, the US reported the strongest
overall expansion of the ninth successive month, led by especially
rapid growth of service sector activity, followed by the UK. While
both the US and UK witnessed a cooling in rates of expansions
within both manufacturing and services, both economies saw PMI
survey record expansions in the second quarter as a whole. Both
countries also had many COVID-19 restrictions lifted with
impressive vaccination progress.
Slower US and UK growth could be as much attributed to capacity
constraints - and notably shortages of raw materials and labour -
than any underlying weakening of demand.
The eurozone meanwhile saw growth continue to accelerate in
June, climbing to a 15-year high as the region continued to
catch-up with the earlier economic recoveries seen in the US and
UK. Sustained near-record manufacturing growth was accompanied by
the sharpest rise in service sector activity for 15 years,
reflecting the easing of pandemic restrictions and encouraging
vaccination progress in recent weeks.
The strong developed world expansion is even more impressive
when one considers that Japan saw business activity fall for a
second month running in June. A rising wave of infections led to a
further contraction of service sector output and a near-stalling of
factory output growth. More encouragingly, future optimism in Japan
jumped to an eight-year high, suggesting that growth will soon pick
up as Japan's vaccine progress gathers greater coverage.
Emerging markets led lower by India
Of the major economies, India meanwhile experienced the steepest
downturn. Fighting a renewed virus wave, India saw business
activity slump at a rate not witnessed since July of last year.
Service sector output fell especially sharply, down for a second
month in a row, though manufacturing output also moved back into
contraction for the first time in 11 months. Future optimism also
fell further in India as companies continued to worry about the
ongoing impact of the pandemic.
Growth in mainland China also slowed sharply to the weakest
since April of last year amid renewed efforts to control the spread
of the virus. Service sector growth more or less stalled, and
factory output rose at the slowest rate for 15 months.
Growth also slowed in Russia as COVID-19 restrictions continued
to hamper the recovery, albeit with growth remaining among the
highest seen since the pandemic struck.
Output in Brazil meanwhile returned to growth for the first time
since December, linked to looser restrictions, though rising
political tensions are likely to stymie future growth.
Charting the vaccine dividend
The link between vaccination progress and the PMI score of
economic growth (measured across both manufacturing and services)
is illustrated in the following graphic. The UK, for example, with
67% of people vaccinated with at least one shot of vaccine is
enjoying one of the fastest economic expansions. India, suffering
the lowest vaccination rate, is seeing the steepest downturn.
However, vaccinations are clearly not the only factor governing
growth rates. While the UK has the highest vaccination rate, it is
the US which is enjoying the fastest economic expansion. Hence the
degree to which COVID-19 restrictions have been eased and other
factors, such as the amount of policy stimulus, are important. But
the chart clearly demonstrates the 'vaccine growth dividend' that
certain countries are currently benefitting from.
Chris Williamson, Chief Business Economist, IHS
Markit
Purchasing Managers' Index™ (PMI™) data are compiled by IHS Markit for more than 40 economies worldwide. The monthly data are derived from surveys of senior executives at private sector companies, and are available only via subscription. The PMI dataset features a headline number, which indicates the overall health of an economy, and sub-indices, which provide insights into other key economic drivers such as GDP, inflation, exports, capacity utilization, employment and inventories. The PMI data are used by financial and corporate professionals to better understand where economies and markets are headed, and to uncover opportunities.
