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The S&P Global Eurozone Manufacturing PMI® fell from 54.6 in
May to 52.1 in June, its lowest reading since August 2020 and a
fifth consecutive month of decline in the headline measure.
Driving the deterioration was a contraction of output in June,
which dropped for the first time in two years.
Worse looks set to come, according to the survey's other
sub-indices. Several survey gauges are now consistent with an
imminent industrial recession and period of economic distress, as
explored further in the following analysis.
One upside to the weakening of business conditions in the sector
was a cooling of price pressures, albeit with energy and food
supply remaining major concerns in the outlook for inflation.
Demand falls sharply
The first drop in production for two years was primarily a
function of a steepening downturn in demand. Orders for goods have
fallen at an accelerating rate over the past two months, dropping
in June in every country surveyed with the exception of the
Netherlands, and even here the rate of growth has weakened markedly
in recent months. The overall drop in eurozone manufacturing new
orders was among the steepest seen over the past decade, with
demand falling across the board for consumer goods, investment
goods and intermediate goods (the latter referring to inputs
supplied to other companies).
Demand is now weakening as firms report customers to be growing
more cautious in relation to spending due to rising prices and the
uncertain economic outlook.
Unsold stock
Looking at inventories, both raw materials and unsold stock are
now rising due to lower than expected production and sales volumes
respectively, hinting that an inventory correction will act as an
additional drag on the sector in coming months.
Looking at the resulting new-orders-to-inventory ratio, which
acts as a reliable lead indicator of output, this gauge has fallen
to a level for which only the global financial crisis and initial
impact of the pandemic saw more distressed readings.
Falling backlogs
Backlogs of work are meanwhile falling, which is often a prelude
to firms reducing operating capacity. This reduction normally takes
the form of both lower employment and lower business investment in
capital equipment.
Business confidence now close to survey
lows
In fact, as noted above, new orders for investment goods are
already falling sharply, which is in turn linked to business
confidence in the outlook having fallen to the gloomiest for just
over two years and a level consistent with economic stress.
Supply chain and price pressures ease
One upside to the recent weakening of demand is an alleviation
of some supply chain constraints, which has in turn helped cool
inflationary pressures for industrial goods. With the survey data
indicating an increasing likelihood of the manufacturing sector
slipping into a recession, these price pressures should ease
further in the third quarter.
Chris Williamson, Chief Business Economist, S&P
Global Market Intelligence
Purchasing Managers' Index™ (PMI™) data are compiled by IHS Markit for more than 40 economies worldwide. The monthly data are derived from surveys of senior executives at private sector companies, and are available only via subscription. The PMI dataset features a headline number, which indicates the overall health of an economy, and sub-indices, which provide insights into other key economic drivers such as GDP, inflation, exports, capacity utilization, employment and inventories. The PMI data are used by financial and corporate professionals to better understand where economies and markets are headed, and to uncover opportunities.
